Kinds of research data Essay Example for Free

Kinds of research data Essay The basic classification of research data is in terms of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative research entails examination of numerical data by using mathematical models and statistical procedures. (Morgan, 2000). Qualitative research involves use of analysis and opinions to explain interviews and documents and understanding the phenomenon. The study requires a qualitative and some quantitative approach rather than a purely numerical one. Data Collection Approaches Data collection approaches can be primary and secondary. Both primary and secondary approaches will be utilized Extensive research will be carried out in the Library as well as on the World Wide Web. Qualitative Research Methodologies Qualitative methodology focuses on quality† a term referring to the essence or ambience of something. Qualitative methods are used to understand complex social phenomena. In the present situation, literature survey along with interviews and questionnaires will be the key techniques used for data collection, collation and analysis. Case-Study Research Methodology. Case study in the primary research methodology employed in this study. A case study is an enquiry which uses multiple sources of evidence. It evaluates a contemporary phenomenon in real life context within the boundaries of the phenomenon and when the context is not clearly evident. Potter, (1996) has defined case study as a â€Å"realistic† methodology, which deals with solid and specific questions. Case study translates research objectives into more researchable problems, and provides rich examples, which are easy to comprehend. The significance of case studies is its revealing the meaning of a phenomenon. A peer group case study approach is considered best suited than other techniques to implement this research, as it will concentrate on an empirical, contemporary problem. It will also enable answering the questions as, â€Å"why† and, â€Å"how† to understand the underlying motivations. It will generate empirical data and interesting information specific to the phenomenon under study. Research cases offer a unique tool to testing theory by examining phenomena which are beyond the traditional statistical approaches. (Potter, 1996). Case study research is useful to the aims because the degree to which a case study produces valid and credible information is generally higher than qualitative research in a more general survey. An analysis of the Chinese and UK banking systems is proposed to be carried out with reference to the case study of Bank of China and HSBC, London. Limitations of Case Study One of the limits of case studies is the difficulty of generalizing their findings. If the case design is sound and if the researcher is careful to be explicit about the phenomenon and the context of the study, then results can be generalized.(Potter, 1996). Another limit of case studies is that they generate a lot of information that needs to be logically handled to strengthen the argument presented in order to develop credible conclusion. Research Instruments Primary data is collected for the research study to answer a specific question. Ways of collecting this kind of information includes surveys, observation or controlled experiments. Surveys are one of the most common ways to collect data, where the subject can be contacted through mail, telephone or directly in personal interviews. (Veal, 2000). It entails sending questionnaires, interviews and non-formal enquiries made to people. By carrying out interviews of a significant number of individuals a broad perspective can be provided. This research will collect data by essentially the method of interviews and questionnaires. Data Collection Method Questionnaire Survey Surveys are frequently used to obtain information about social issues. Jones (1997) has described that survey needs planned strategy to gather data. Surveys can be conducted in many ways, over the telephone, by mail or in person. Questionnaire surveys are ideal for providing complex information. Questionnaire involves a sample of the population which can range from few hundreds to few thousands depending on the research study (Veal, 2000). Questionnaire technique has been used in the study. Limitation of the questionnaires On an average the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, but a key drawback is low response rate. This will result in low level of confidence and distort the analogy of statistical information. Another weakness of questionnaire is the fact that it is a structured format and allows little room for flexibility with respect to reply by the respondents. Interview Interviews will form an interactive part of this study and will be carried out after the secondary research is done in combination with the questionnaire. When doing these interviews it will be important to keep a neutral view of the research topic, where the actual behavior instead of an intended behavior needs to be identified. Veal (2000) has described interview as a strategy to find out from people about the things, which cannot be observed directly.

Justice and Injustice in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Justice and Injustice in Othello        Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Tragedy of Othello, by William Shakespeare, a great injustice is done to the main character, Othello the Moor. Othello is manipulated by the villain Iago to satiate Iago’s need for control and his desire for revenge. Othello the General has promoted another, Cassio, to hold the position that Iago feels he deserves. For the injustice that Iago feels has been committed against him, he brings about the destruction of Othello and his wife, Desdemona, using Cassio as his tool for doing so.   Iago is the master villain in Othello, and is indeed a prototypal villain; that is, he is the mould for many other villains in their own deeds. He appears to be cunning, decisive, and able to take advantage of any set of circumstances. He moulds the people around him and his surroundings to suit his own â€Å"peculiar† ends. Furthermore Iago appears to be a good and honest person to all involved parties until just before the close of the play. Everyone is his willing dupe. Every master villain attempts his level of excellence.   Iago, to achieve his revenge manipulates Othello into wrongfully suspecting his wife of infidelity, and makes him insane with jealousy, enough to kill her in his rage. Othello is the general of the city of Venice, and as foreigner, a dark-skinned Moor. Othello appears to be a ... ... everything possible to his advantage, even his reputation for honesty; for no more reason than that he was passed over for a promotion. We know that the noble Othello is fooled, and simultaneously feel sorry that such an honest man has been duped. Works Cited Snyder, Susan. "Beyond the Comedy: Othello" Modern Critical Interpretations, Othello Ed. Harold Bloom, Pub. Chelsea House New Haven CT 1987. (23-37)Norman Sanders, ed. Othello. Cambridge: New York, 1995: 12. C. W. Slights. "Slaves and Subjects in Othello," Shakespeare Quarterly v48 Winter 1997: 382. J. Adelman. "Iago's Alter Ego: Race as Projection in Othello," Shakespeare Quarterly v48 Summer 1997: 130.

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Langston Hughes The Face Of Harlem Literacy - 1147 Words

The Face of Harlem Literacy James Mercer Hughes, most commonly known as Langston Hughes, was a notorious writer during the Harlem Renaissance period. The Harlem Renaissance is considered a cultural explosion of African American cultures during the 1920’s. Hughes was an important figure and supporter during the Harlem Renaissance era. Through Hughes literature and activism during the 1920’s he created a positive change within the black community. The Harlem Renaissance coincided with the Roaring Twenties. The Roaring Twenties was also during the 1920’s after World War 1. This time frame is referred to as a time of economic booming. The economy received a large boost because the United States was one of the few countries that was†¦show more content†¦In his essay â€Å"The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain† he expresses his ideas on the black artist. Langston Hughes was brought up by his grandmother, Mary Langston, in Joplin, Missouri where he was born on February 1st, 1902. (Leach 1) His father had moved to Mexico after he and his mother had separated. His mother often moved from city to city looking for work to support her young son and mother. (Leach 2) After his grandmother passed in his teens, he stayed with his mother until he graduated high school, then he went to stay with his father. (Leach 3). After he came back to the United States he attended Columbia University. After Columbia, he travelled to Spain, Africa, and Paris. Throughout his time traveling, Hughes was publishing his poetry; his first poem was published in 1921, and his first book in 1926 (Leach xvi). Hughes was a very influential figure in relation to the cultural blossoming of black culture during the 1920’s. In many ways he shaped the way black artist presented themselves and how they were perceived (Leach 36). He was notorious for writing on topics that made others feel uncomfortable. He was very vocal about the hypocrisy surrounding the Harlem Renaissance. One of his most famous works of literature was â€Å"When the Negro Was in Vogue† where he points out white Americans for loving black culture, but not black people. He spoke out about white people who would use black culture toShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes : A Modernist1222 Words   |  5 PagesSappington 13 Apr. 2017 Langston Hughes: A Modernist Credited as being the most recognizable figure of the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes played a vital role in the Modernist literary movement and the movement to revitalize African American culture in the early 20th century. Hughes’s poems reflect his personal struggle and the collective struggle of African Americans during this cultural revival. Langston Hughes’s life contained key influences on his work. As a child, Hughes witnessed a divorceRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes a Harlem Renaissance Man1463 Words   |  6 Pagesdistrict of New York City called Harlem. 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To compensate for their illiteracy, Egypt’s grandparents utilized a common practice among slaves and taught Egypt and Sudie orally rather than by reading books and teaching literacy skills. The tradition of learning through oral history inspired Egypt to collect data via interviews in her social reform work later in life (Stevenson, 2011). Throughout Egypt’s childhood, she moved frequently as her family conditions changed