Rhetorical Analysis - 2223 Words

October 16, 2012 Rhetorical Analysis: â€Å"You are being lied to about pirates† In Johann Hari’s article â€Å"You are being lied to about pirates† (published Monday January 5, 2009 by the Independent) he uncovers for his audience/readers the truth behind piracy and how it is reflected in the ways that the government â€Å"tries† to inform the public. The article shows that his audience is the people he recognizes to be the real villains in destroying the pirate â€Å"organization† as well as the uneducated readers on the topic that are looking to grasp a new understanding of pirates and where it all started. Johann Hari is trying to prove to us that there is definitely more than one side to these Somali pirates, but people just have to be willing to†¦show more content†¦For months now rumors have been circulating about Johann’s reliability as a writer and have been said numerous times that Hari is a plagiarist and has even harassed his rival journalist. On September 15th, 2011 he proved these rumors and accusations to be true, by giving a formal public apology for his actions as well as surrendering his awards for journalist of the year. It’s hard to say whether or not author is knowledgeable about the topic simply because of what he has been accused of and this leaves the audience confused on if what was stated was his truth or his own ingredients to compose this article. In Hari’s defense there is a strong possibility that what was stated in this article was indeed his own work, because he includes a lot of his own emotion and opinion throughout the writing of this article. When interviewing Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah (UN envoy to Somalia) he included the â€Å"grief† that Abdallah was extending when saying that people were constantly dumping nuclear material in his country. Hari felt as though it was his duty to lean more towards an appeal to pathos in order for his audience to get a sense of what he and this envoy were feeling. He was looking for sympathy, disappointment, and a sign of relief in the hopes that through the situations that theShow MoreRelatedThe Tipping Point: Rhetorical Analysis Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tipping Point: Rhetorical Analysis Throughout The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell explains to his reader his ideas about drastic changes in society, and how they seem to occur so rapidly. In this particular selection, Gladwell emphasizes the purpose of â€Å"connectors†, saying that they have a â€Å"special gift for bringing the world together (page 38)†. Gladwell states that part of the reason information or trends spread like wildfire is the presence of a specific group of people. They are called â€Å"connecters†Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Death Of The Moth And On Keeping A Notebook 1427 Words   |  6 Pages19, September, 2014 9th Ni Device Use Analysis Rhetoric devices are often used by writers to clarify ideas, emphasize key points, or relate insights to the reader. 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ThroughoutRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Lesson In Hbos The Newsroom715 Words   |  3 Pagesis even used in classrooms for the powerful rhetoric that is used in it. In Will McAvoy’s speech on â€Å"The Newsroom†, McAvoy uses a variety of rhetorical devices such as Anthypophora, Asyndeton, and Dysphemism to convey the message that America is not the greatest country in the world anymore. First, Anthypophora is one of the three most effective rhetorical devices used in this powerful speech. Anthypophora is when the speaker asks a question, but instead of letting someone answer, the speaker immediatelyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Ellen DeGeneress Commencement Speech Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pages Ellen’s Commencement Speech Rhetorical Analysis Graduation caps fly into the air, cheers erupt, and diplomas are received. This is a typical graduation day. Not only did these ceremonial events take place for Tulane Universitys class of 2009, but Ellen DeGeneres was there to congratulate them as well! This class was dubbed the Katrina Class for being survivors of the devastating Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Katrina was named one of the deadliest Hurricanes, causing more than 1,836Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.976 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation? In all of the speeches, one way or another, Dr. King used several different rhetorical devices in order to defend his own actions. In specific, two of his speeches, â€Å"I have a Dream† and â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† Dr. King used the rhetorical devices of anaphora, allusion, and diction to relay his thoughts of what is right, and also as a way to build a common ground with his audience. Though the rhetorical devices are share d between the two speeches, there are also several differences.Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Andrew Sinek s Ted Presentation1263 Words   |  6 Pagesstock that s going in the opposite direction—down—from the most desired direction—up. This is a provocative opening that engages the audience right away. 2. Ask a series of rhetorical questions. A common way to engage the audience at the start is to ask a rhetorical question. Better still, start with a series of rhetorical questions. A good example of this tactic is Simon Sinek s TED presentation. He starts with: How do you explain when things don t go as we assumed? Or better, how do you explainRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of A Life Beyond Do What You Love 1020 Words   |  5 PagesIn his New York Times article â€Å"A Life Beyond Do What You Love† Gordon Marino poses the question But is do what you love wisdom or malarkey? after giving us an anecdote about students coming to him for career advice. The article which uses many rhetorical devices which make the audience think about their choices in careers and what you should and want to do. The author also cites different sources for his article and past life experiences. Marino then end his article by saying many great leadersRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of A Life Beyond D o What You Love Essay2042 Words   |  9 Pagesuse of rhetorical devices. Dr. Marino is a very highly educated philosopher who earned his Ph.D. at University of Chicago, M.A. university of Pennsylvania, and B.A. Columbia University. He typically publishes to the New York Times, for his writing mostly appeals to all people because so many can relate to this article. Marino effectively argues that sometimes individuals must sacrifice their passions to provide for their loved ones using rhetorical devices, hypophora, anecdote, rhetorical questionsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Rhetorical And Rhetorical Analysis1188 Words   |  5 Pages1. Rhetorical Analysis is the careful examination of texts, videos, and images to understand how they function in conveying their message. The definition of rhetorical analysis will help me better understand what I should be looking for when I receive a text, as rhetorical analysis is different than literary analysis. Therefore, the devices for each are also different (Lunsford et al. 88). 2. Intended audience is the initial step to any rhetorical analysis. If you are unable to identify an audience

Relevance and Application within Legitimacy Theory in Accounting

Question: How do Social Contracts Relevance and Application within Legitimacy Theory in Accounting? Answer: Introduction This report is aimed to explore the theory of legitimacy in the financial accounting system. In the past years, it has been seen companies were more focused on the profit earning theory and they only want to improve their performance to earn more profit (Omran and Ramdhony, 2015). However, this sole cause has lead to many social and environmental challenges like avoidance of environmental concerns which has caused pollution in the environment and poor waste management in case of industrial operation that has polluted the drinking water. Along with this, the community related poor services like child labour, discrimination and other public issues. These all examples are the real facts that have been seen in the past years. On the other hand, after much retaliation, struggle and opposition today society and environment is an important and integral part of business operation that cannot be ignored anymore in an international level (Omran and Ramdhony, 2015). Strict rules and regulation with an approach to make it a big deal for the reputed companies has highlighted the social contract and legitimacy theory to a new level. In this report, relation between social contract and legitimacy theory regarding financial accounting has been discussed to outline the importance of society expectation in the legitimacy theory. Furthermore, the application of the legitimacy theory in the organisations financial account reporting has also been demonstrated in this study. It will give a brief about the theory of legitimacy and degree of legitimacy within the theory and its application (Mullerat, 2010). It will precisely illustrate the significance of fair and true view in the legitimacy theory with the side effects of portray legitimacy theory concept. Thus, this study overall elucidates the relation of legitimacy theory with the social contract and articulating its application in the financial organisation of an organisation. Social Contracts Relevance and Application within Legitimacy Theory in Accounting German Advisory Council on Global Changes, (2011) highlights that legitimacy theory, stakeholders theory and institutional theory are system orientation theories, and these theories are aimed to operate the system of the organisation with the societal values. It examines the role of disclosure and information in the connection between organisation individual states and groups. These theories are very powerful element that pronounces organisational impact on society as well as social impact on organisations in which it operates. In this system, the organisations have several social associations with community and groups that are stakeholders and other public. The stakeholders of the company entail employees, shareholders, interested groups, investors, the public, consumer, industrial bodies, supplier, government and media. All the above theories are also related with and derived from the political economic theory. The political, social and economical framework and aspects that covers the human lives is called as the political economy (German Advisory Council on Global Changes, 2011). In addition to this, the corporate financial reports are the matter related to exchange between environment and organisation plus it cannot be considered as unbiased and neutral. The political economy theory is of two kinds that are bourgeois and classical. Classical theory of political economy is associated with Marx work; it discusses the structure conflicts, class interests, the role of the states and inequality issue. The financial accounting disclosures and reports are intended to manage a good outlook of an organisation by articulating favoured position to the stakeholders by maintaining the control of diminutive resources (German Advisory Council on Global Changes, 2011). Classic theory also focuses on the societys structural conflict. On the other hand, Laan, (2009) narrates that bourgeois theory of political economy is relationship between the groups in an important pluralistic world which includes the theory of legitimacy as well. Legitimacy theory is one of the most implemented theories around the world. It includes all the activities which are taken by the organisation to mark their operations as legitimate. The organisations operate within the societal norms and bounds according to their respective societies prospective. The societys expectation including its norms and bounds are dynamic in nature and thus, the structure system of the organisations also needs to be responsive in nature. It can be used to assists the view on voluntary disclosures which examines the reason to choose it (Laan, 2009). These theories are mainly used by the organisations to manipulate and articulate the relationship between social system and organisation in terms of accounting disclosures. Legitimacy is the status that an organisat ion tries to achieve with the integration of value system which is accepted by the society. It is simple proving the process and operations of an organisation being valid and legal in front of society. It is also based on a notion that ensures the agreement between the society and organisation. It is very contradictory in the nature, as what is operated and functions in the organisation is not that essential but what is communicated to the society is considered as important for the legitimacy aspect (Laan, 2009). The financial and operations information disclosure is being significantly used to enter into corporate legitimacy. As per Dushi and Brdufi, (2015) legitimacy theory can be defined as fellowship of social norms, belief and attitude in the organisation to take the social validation and for the survival of the business. The organisation and society has an agreement which states that the business operation should be performed under the focus of social desires and expectations in exchange of rewards and objectives of an organisation. This contract helps an organisation in continuous survival of the company without any external social hurdles. Furthermore, it guarantees an organisation in supplying social benefits which are only enjoyed by firms that incorporates the corporate social responsibility and corporate governance in the organisation (Dushi and Brdufi, 2015). In this theory organisation assumes that the companys existence is depended on the societys expectations and validations which also affects the value system of the organisation. It has been assumed that business or any organisation do not have an inherent right over the natural resources or community resources either. Thus, it is the burden on organisation to fulfil the societal expectations and operate the business activities according to social values, norms and perceptions organisation (Dushi and Brdufi, 2015). In addition to this, the social contract is the integral part of the legitimacy theory; it is the conformity from the economic, legal and social aspect from the public side. Besides that, Mousa and Hassan, (2015) reports that the social contract within the legitimacy theory is being described in two ways implicit and explicit expectation of the society according to which an organisation should conduct its business. The explicit expectation of society involves the legal requirement which is essential for the survival of the company, whereas rest of the expectation comes into the implicit expectations. In the earlier times, the increment of the performance was measured by the profit maximisation of the organisations. Now, public has changed their perceptions and views, they are more likely to look after the social, human and environmental issues which should be handled by the organisations (Mousa and Hassan, 2015). In other words, the social contract is an agreement that defines that entire resources that is utilised by the organisations in its operations are not their legal or inherent right to use. It is being allowed by the society by approving their op eration and employs their community and natural resources by exchanging it with the implementation of social norms and bounds in the organisation (Mansell, 2013). Whereas, the community and natural resources are denoted with the labour, land and every resource that is draw on by the organisation to create the finished goods and services offered to the customers. Therefore, social contract is a concept that helps in augmenting the social values and consent to organisation for continuous survival with benefit from social and environmental resources as well. Social contract is essential for the prior assurance of environmental and social aspect in the operations of the company. It helps in economic, political and social aspect of the organisation (Mousa and Hassan, 2015). The political changes do not affect a company if it is bound with the social norms and values. It acts as protection for the organisations. On the other words, Islam, (2014) identifies that significance of legitimacy theory is very vast and once the organisation is being accepted by the public, it achieves the sustainability in the market. The legitimacy theory ensures the longevity of the organisation by providing crucial resources and many benefits in the legal aspects. The foremost advantage is to provide the surety of legal compliances in the operations which is not doubted by any of the stakeholders. Legitimacy facilitates transparency and clarity in the financial reporting plus financial status of the company. Moreover, it also increases credibility of the organisations operations which helps them in generating capital easily plus establishing new relationship with partners and business financiers (Islam, 2014). The theory also helps in improving the relationship between the stakeholders of the company with the top level management. Incorporating the legitimacy theory gives insight of environmental and social issue s that apprehend the knowledge of public. Precisely, it also helps company to attain the competitive advantage as it also integrates the innovation and creativity in the business operations of the organisation. In addition to this, it increases reputation of the organisation and market position in the market with every attempt to collaboration with the social contract in the companies operation. Legitimacy basically influences the values of organisation with impacts the organisational culture and structure entirely. Thus, it can be seen that it is very helpful in creating a positive and energetic environment in the organisational surroundings (Islam, 2014). It encourages an organisation for the future development and growth in the market. Schaltegger, et al. (2008) explores that it has been observed that the society allows an organisation to be valid until the organisation is operating to satisfy the expectation of the society. And meeting with that requirement is often considered as legitimacy. When an organisation fails to continue the legitimacy due to scarcity of the resources or legal restrictions on operations, the support of the society become difficult to gain and recover. Thus, the solution for the organisation it left with them is to pretend the legitimacy in the operations of the organisation. However, the difficulties in coping up with the social expectations are because of capricious expectations by the community and groups (Schaltegger, et al., 2008). The adaptation and changing management process with the dynamic variables in the expectation leads to failure of compilation. The other reason of failure of performance is the deviation from societys expectation. The community expectations are a matter of d isclosure which organisations failed to convey. Sometimes, the previous unknown information is being revealed or comes into the light via media that encourages the organisation to portray the different picture of the financial accounting in the market (Schaltegger, et al., 2008). This is called as organisation shadow, when some old details that hamper the reputation of organisation, which is responsible for the legitimacy by make public believe that their operations are legitimate whether its true or not. In the opinion of Idowu and Filho, (2009) legitimacy are often expounded in three phases that is gaining the legitimacy phase, maintaining legitimacy phase and repairing (defending) the lost legitimacy phase. The gaining legitimacy phase has a liability of being innovative while pursuing business operations. The communication is the key to make the society believe that organisation is integrating the social expectations and are committed to the social norms and bounds. The community and societal acceptance will only be decided with the effective communication in the gaining legitimacy phase. In case of maintaining legitimacy phase, this is the phase where organisations should track down the changing and new perception and needs of society and community (Idowu and Filho, 2009). The maintenance is related with the continuity and determined towards what you are doing already. Thus, the organisation should also perpetually follow the changes and trend with the social expectations. It als o encourages the organisation to involve more and more on the trade on its legitimacy. It is very important for the organisation to make people believe on their commitment and communicate on the social value persistently which is necessary to be assembled in the operations. The last is the repairing stage that suggests regaining of the legitimacy which is a reactive process of invisible and unanticipated challenges. The expectation of society is being incorporated or communicated by implementing newness in the operations and application of damaged control in the previous mistakes or exposure should be made (Omran and El-Galfy, 2014). This phase is fully related with the researches that are being made to legitimacy theory. As per the view of Unerman, et al. (2010) it has also been seen that legitimacy can be considered of limited use and with time it has to be abandoned. It has been researched that it creates over burden for an organisation to survive in a threat of social consequences. And the expectations are not at all static which makes it a complex process. In the previous times, it was realised in the case of a tobacco manufacturer case in Australia in the Tilling and Tilts research in 2010. Therefore, it can be assumed that legitimacy is not an appropriate approach to deal with the market challenges. Sometimes over burden of the expectation neglects the legitimising efforts and destroys many good and growing firms. Apart from this, it also pushes organisation to follow the unethical attempts to just being accepted by the society. The main reason of this stage of loss attempt is increment in the legitimacy gap (Unerman, et al., 2010). Legitimacy gap is related with the behaviour or actual action of the organisation synchronised with the social expectations. It has been found that the social expectation are ever changing concept and it the organisation does not contend with the same speed of time, it creates a gap between the organisations actions and expectations of the society. Along with this, social gap persuade management to pretend the falseness in the accounts and operation just to validate the social support. The gap of the legitimacy arises and the legitimate facts of the organisations behaviour disappear (Unerman, et al., 2010). It cause huge trouble after the revealing the past information by the media or researchers. According to Bhattacharyya (2015), when any organisation failed to attempt the legitimacy theory incorporation in the organisations operation, many consequences occurs that can impede the survival or existence of an organisation. In other words, society lose interest from the business activities of the organisation which results in the minimisation of demand of the products and services offered by the firm, lose of labour and low applicants for new jobs and hiring. Furthermore, it may loss in the capital by expenses of the losses from the law suits or fulfilling legal requirements (Bhattacharyya, 2015). In addition to this, the organisation fails to secure his market position in the competitive stage which also causes the loss of reputation and credibility of the company. The lost credibility influences the investment and related parties that adds capital to the organisations. Investors, banks, loan providers and financers do not rely on the organisations intensions and refuse to fin ance or invest the organisation. Therefore, it can be felt by the above discussion that legitimacy is prime aspect that can save the resources of the company. Not only, it guaranteed the existence of the organisation, but also it ensures the public support and legal support to the company (Bhattacharyya, 2015). Apart from this, Songini, et al. (2013) describes that the legitimacy is only related with majority of the peoples belief and accepted values. Thus, it can be modified and altered according to the management of the organisation. The only concern should be related with make people understand what is being communicated to them. It has also been suggested by Dowling and Pfeffer, that when the legitimacy is being threatened, there are three steps which can be undertaken by the organisations as follows: Legitimacy can be communicated by evincing the goals, methods, output and objectives of the organisation according to the social expectation The current practice of procurement of goals, values and output is being communicated in such a way that changes the interpretation towards the social legitimacy (Songini, et al., 2013) Legitimacy should be concept that is used with symbols and values in the organisation which should be attempted via articulation These steps are in order to gain the legitimacy for the first time. The social contract and binding should be articulated with the newness in an attempt to show public about the intentions of the company and their obligation towards community and the environment challenges. This theory is also being used to maintain the legitimacy in the organisation and benefit with resources provided by the society. This theory will help the firm in survival and even being competitive in the market pressures (Songini, et al., 2013). Along with this, Hayek, (2013) explains that Lindblom has also illustrated some strategies that might be adopted and integrated in the business operations by the managers, if legitimacy is threatened in the below discussion: Every change that may or may not occur as an attempt to establish the social contract should be informed and enunciated by educating the community properly The perception should be focused to implement the legitimacy and not necessarily behaviour (Hayek, 2013) The issue or damaged problems should be covered by manipulating the perception and diverting it to some new issue which is not related with the legitimacy or social contract aspect The legal or external expectations should be changes or should be communicated to the relevant public as a portray to be changed This theory has two important words that are relevant public and portray. The relevant public is the targeted audience which can be influenced easily by the organisation and management (Hayek, 2013). The communication tactics is the only principle to handle the social expectation in this regard. Nevertheless, portray is to make people believe that organisation is making efforts and giving outputs according to the expectations. These strategies are related with the public disclosures of information which is one of the most paramount aspects (Hayek, 2013). Lastly, Bather, and Tucker, (2011) illustrates that application of legitimacy theory has some points that should be kept in mind while incorporating the concept of social contract. The time parameter of the behaviour in an attempt to execute the legitimacy practices is very essential. The social expectation and organisations behaviour should support on changes is very necessary keeping the time in view. The legitimacy gap can cause problem and encourage the organisation to portray the social norms and bounds in the operations. Although, this theory is very materialistic and only communication is the tool to influence the potential public, yet ethical value is what which can stay long and prosper the organisations business. The consideration of environmental as well as community challenges should be endeavour with an aim to solve the global problem that can help the organisation to integrate social contract in the organisation. The objectives and goals of the organisations can also be depending on the legitimacy theory and with an aim to improve the social relationship with the community and environment as well. The strategies of the legitimacy are full of contradiction and its framework is very complex (Bather, and Tucker, 2011). There is a very little difference in the manipulation of facts or opportunity to influence public with effective communication skills to decisive. Organisational standards and norms should be complied with the social requirements that create interest of public in creating good reputation and image of the organisation. It can also be repeated again, that social contract is between organisation and society; therefore it is up to organisation how it manipulates the social expectation and its impact on the growth and development of the organisation. Besides that, the legitimacy theory can be applied to any of the operation and in a very creative ways. It will give liberty to the management to operate its operation smoothly with a little ef fort. Compliance of social norms and attempts to make it legitimate is not tough, if the business is based on the standards, policies and ethics (Bather, and Tucker, 2011). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be inferred that social contract is an integral part of the legitimacy theory. Legitimacy theory is managing the social norms and values in the operation of the organisation, to ensure the survival of the company. Moreover social contract is the agreement between the organisation and society which states that the resources used by the organisation are not belong to them inherently. In the favour of utilising the community and natural resources such as raw material of the product, land, labour, waste and every physical asset the organisation should consider the interest of public and environment issues. It has been concluded from the literature that there are various benefits that can offer development and growth to the organisation. More than this, it helps the organisation to attain the competitive advantage and build good reputation among competitors. However, social expectations are an ever changing process that can create legitimacy gap if not wa tched closely. The legitimacy gap causes the failure in attempt to cope up the changes. It hampers the existence or survival of the organisation and many legal challenges resulting in financial losses. The strategies and Dowling steps to handle the failure and application of legitimacy will help the organisation to implement the legitimacy theory in the operations of the organisation. References Bather, A. and Tucker, R. 2011. Legitimacy Theory and a Compliance Analysis of Tescos 2008 Business Review. International Review of Business Research Papers 7(2), pp. 137-156. Bhattacharyya, A. 2015. Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility in an Emerging Economy: Through the Lens of Legitimacy Theory. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal 9(2). Dushi, D., and Brdufi, N. 2015. Social Contract and the Governments Legitimacy. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 6(6), pp. 392-398. German Advisory Council on Global Changes. 2011. A social contract for sustainability. [Online] Available at: https://www.wbgu.de/fileadmin/user_upload/wbgu.de/templates/dateien/veroeffentlichungen/factsheets/fs2011-fs1/wbgu_fs1_2011_en.pdf [Accessed On: 21 May 2017]. Hayek, F. A. 2013. Law, Legislation and Liberty: A New Statement of the Liberal Principles of Justice and Political Economy. Routledge. Idowu, S. O., and Filho, W. L. 2009. Professionals ? Perspectives of Corporate Social Responsibility. Springer Science Business Media. Islam, M. A. 2014. Social Compliance Accounting: Managing Legitimacy in Global Supply Chains, CSR, Sustainability, Ethics Governance. Springer. Laan, S. 2009. The Role of Theory in Explaining Motivation for Corporate Social Disclosures: Voluntary Disclosures vs Solicited Disclosures. Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal 3(4), pp. 15-29. Mansell, S. F. 2013. Capitalism, Corporations and the Social Contract: A Critique of Stakeholder Theory. Cambridge University Press. Mousa1, G. A., and Hassan, N. T. 2015. Legitimacy Theory and Environmental Practices: Short Notes. International Journal of Business and Statistical Analysis 2(1), pp. 41-53. Mullerat, R. 2010. International Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Corporations in the Economic Order of the 21st Century. Kluwer Law International. Omran, M. A., and El-Galfy, A. M. 2014. Theoretical perspectives on corporate disclosure: a criticalevaluation and literature survey. Asian Review of Accounting 22(3), pp. 257 286. Omran, M. A., and Ramdhony, D. 2015. Theoretical Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: A Critical Review. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 5(2), pp. 38-55. Schaltegger, S., et al. 2008. Environmental Management Accounting for Cleaner Production. Springer Science Business Media. Songini, L., et al. 2013. Accounting and Control for Sustainability. Emerald Group Publishing. Unerman, J., et al. 2010. Sustainability Accounting and

Rodolphos apology Essay Example

Rodolphos apology Paper Eddie is trying to keep control of his family, even after all that happened, Didnt you hear what I told you? You walk out that door to that wedding you aint coming back here, Beatrice. We notice the I told you. He still thinks that he is in control of his family, like he always had been. He doesnt realise how bad what he did was, and what implications it will have. We, as the audience now know how Catherine feels about him, but Eddie doesnt. This dramatic irony helps build up more tension, as we dont know what Eddie will do when Catherine doesnt do what he tells her to. To add to the anticipation of what will happen, we learn how important respect is to Eddie, I want my respect. He still seems to think that people will still respect him, and doesnt realise that nobody does, or, seeing what happened to Vinny earlier on, ever will again. This creates tension, as we want (yet at the same time, dread) what will happen when he realises this).  Then, Catherine goes and defies him, Its after three; were supposed to be there already, Beatrice. The priest wont wait. She is totally ignoring Eddie, just talking to Beatrice. Also, she is subtly belittling him when she says, the priest wont wait, as shes making the priest out to be more important to her than Eddie. We will write a custom essay sample on Rodolphos apology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rodolphos apology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rodolphos apology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Eddie, not realising this, still thinks hes in charge, and thinks that Catherine will still obey him, Hes gonna come here and apologize to me or nobody from this house is goin to the church today. Now if thats more to you than I am, then go. But dont come back. You be on my side or their side, thats all. The way he says nobody from this house that in his mind, he rules the house and everyone in it. It is his kingdom and they are his servants. If they do not obey him, then they are betraying him, and should be kicked out. He is being rather babyish, seeing it as a them and us situation, with no possible middle ground. This speech also tells us that he thinks that hes in the right, and that it should be Marco who comes to apologise to him, but as we have already seen, Marco thinks hes in the right and wants Eddie to apologise to him. They are both very similar, and both just as stubborn, which creates tension, as we know that neither will give in and apologise; yet both expect the othe r to. Catherine has finally had enough of Eddies primitive behaviour, and openly rebels for the first time, the most interesting part being her extended metaphor, Hes a rat, he belongs in the sewer! [Beatrice]: Stop it! [Catherine][Weeping]: He bites people when they sleep! He comes when nobodys looking and poisons decent people. In the garbage he belongs! First of all, we discover to what point Catherine despises him. Calling him a rat removes any human nature from him, so she doesnt even consider him a human. Then there are the things he does. For example, he bites people when they sleep probably refers to the boxing incident, when he hit Rodolpho hard, while Rodolpho trusted him and wasnt prepared for it (like when you sleep). Then he comes when nobodys looking, which could refer to the calling of the immigration officers, and poisons decent people, which almost certainly means the way in which he made decent Marco want to kill him. With so much hatred, also comes tension, as the audience wonder how Eddie will respond to having his authority undermined by one who he thinks respects him. The result of the rebellion, which makes Eddie realise she no longer respects or obeys him, is that he nearly attacks her, [Eddie seems about to pick up the table and fling it at her]. This is a very tense moment, and shows just how distraught and desperate Eddie is. He loves Catherine more than anything else (perhaps too much), and the reason all this happened was because of how he cared for her and loved her. If now he is prepared to physically harm her, its that he is emotionally at breaking point. Over the last few days, his life has fallen apart, and we know he cant stop now.  Luckily Beatrice is there to calm him down, and she decided to take his side, Now go, go to your wedding Katie, Ill stay home. Go. God bless you, God bless your children suggest that shell never see her again, or her children, making this a very emotional sentence. Then, in comes Rodolpho paving the way for a final showdown, Marco is coming Eddie. [Pause. Beatrice raises her hands in terror] Hes praying in the church. You understand? [Pause. Rodolpho advances in the room]. Catherine, I think it is better we go. This speech can have two meanings, depending on how the director asks the actor to say it. The actor could make out that Marco wants to come and kill Eddie, and Rodolpho has come to watch Eddie squirm, or alternatively, could make out that Marco is coming to apologise. I personally think that Miller intended it to be the former, as he has set the scene for revenge on Rodolphos part earlier, when, after being punched, Rodolpho responds with [a certain gleam and a smile]. This smile suggests that he knows whats going on, and will get him back. I also believe that Marco is coming to kill Eddie, because in the previous scene, Alfieri kept telling Marco only God makes justice. Maybe Marco paid attention to this, and is praying for justice. Beatrice has obviously also come to the same conclusion as we can see from her reaction, and her next line, lets go someplace [] I dont want you to be here when he comes. If he were coming to apologise, she would want him to be there. Eddie on the other hand may, blinded by his emotions, think he has come to apologise, which could be fatal. Even with Beatrices pleading, Eddie wont be moved. Hes already had too much, Where am I goin? This is my house. So at least Eddies not kidding himself; he agrees with Beatrice, and thinks that hes coming for revenge, but because of his pride, he refuses to leave. He also possibly doesnt realise how dire the consequences could be. He wants to defend his honour and his territory, and wants to punish Marco for insulting him so badly. We realise that no amount of persuasion from anyone will make him change his mind. This helps create quite a bit of tension, as we know that there will be a climatic fight. Even Rodolpho changes his mind and doesnt want a fight anymore. He says, [Quite suddenly, stepping up to Eddie]: It is my fault Eddie. Everything. I wish to apologize [] I kiss your hand [He reaches for Eddies hand, but Eddie snaps it away from him] On first inspection, this redeems Rodolpho. The words quite suddenly suggest that seeing how distraught Beatrice was, he changed his mind. He is willing to forget all the insults and other bad things Eddie has done to him, which makes the audience trust him again. But rereading it, it seems that he is possibly just trying to get Beatrice and Catherine to think that hes a very good man. The proof for this is that he says it only after Eddie has made it clear that he wont change his mind, so he knows it wont have any effect on Eddie, just on the others present. Eddies symbolically rejects the apology, signing, in doing so, his death warrant. The persuasion goes on and on, with the effect of hyping up Marcos coming, telling the audience that it will be grandiose and possibly fatal. It also has the effect of making the others seem nicer, as they all (even Catherine) plead with him not to stay. But Eddie wont listen, I want my name! He didnt take my name; hes only a punk. Marcos got my name [To Rodolpho] and you can run tell him kid, that hes gonna give it back to me in front of this neighbourhood, or we have it out. [Hoisting his pants]. Eddie is taking this honour and respect thing very seriously, which is why he wont accept Rodolphos apology. To him, Rodolpho is just a stupid kid with dyed hair (in other words a punk). His lack of intellect is shown by the fact that he doesnt realise that hes lost his respect and no-one can give it back. All he understands is physical action, so he hoists his pants, showing that he is ready for action, and is prepared to fight for his honour if Marco doesnt apologise. We all know this wo nt happen, so the tension starts building. Beatrice, in a desperate attempt to stop him, breaks down in front of Eddie, [barring his way to the stairs] whats gonna mean something? Eddie, listen to me. [] Listen to me, I love you, Im talking to you, I love you. First of all, we can tell that shes getting very desperate, as she bars his way; something that would take a great deal of courage, and despair gives you that courage. In addition, she speaks in short sentences, which makes it seem as though shes trying to grab his attention. She repeats, Listen to me, which would suggest that Eddie is ignoring her. She also repeats, I love you to try and make him realise what harm he could to those who love him, and to tell him that hes not yet totally alone. To emphasise this last point, she also says, Im talking to you. This could be just to make him listen, but it might also be to tell him that she, unlike everyone else in the community, still respects him.

Bridget Riley and Victor Vasarely essays

Bridget Riley and Victor Vasarely essays Bridget Riley was an English painter, she painted abstract shapes that looked like optical illusions when you looked at them, and these were known as "Op Art. In the Early 1950s she went to Goldsmiths College and the Royal College of Art. She became famous by doing lots of black and white paintings in the 196Os that included paint lines of pure colors, which changed the brightness of the individual colors. During the 1970s, Riley's range of colors started to include both black and white. Despite her paintings being mainly abstract, Riley's works were intended to remind her of her own visual experience of the world Victor Vasarely studied in Budapest at the Podolini-Volkmann Academy, then at a school of graphic arts. Victors work though out the 1930s consisted of designing posters, he liked to use effects of graphic patterns and space illusions, which concentrated mainly on painting. His first exhibition contained many different patterns such as zebras and chessboards. In the late 1940s Victor focused on paint geometric abstraction that promoted Op Art in the 1950s with compositions based on different kinds of patterns. ...

Optimal Cognitive Development With the Help of Play Research Paper

Optimal Cognitive Development With the Help of Play - Research Paper Example A potential example of learning according to Piaget’s theory is in a kindergarten classroom. It is noteworthy here that in the kindergarten classroom, children are in the preoperational stage in which, they are egocentric. When a teacher in the kindergarten classroom asks the students to discuss their activity when it snows outside, different children share different thoughts; some might say that they like to make snowmen while others might say that they like making snow angels. None of these responses can be regarded as incorrect because these responses are grounded in children’s personal experiences of being outside in the snow. Such a discussion in the kindergarten classroom helps the children visualize and realize different activities that can be performed out in the snow with the information provided by their fellow classmates. Children in the kindergarten classroom think that the only correct answer to the teacher’s question is theirs since they are egocent ric. It is extremely important to realize different ways of employing the theories of cognitive development. Teachers can use Piaget’s cognitive theory of play in the kindergarten classroom to help the students become master learners. Major components of Piaget’s theory of play will be evidenced in my classroom through the division of the classroom into different centres or sections, each for a different type of play, as well as one where different types of plays can be organized in combination. For example, children will be given musical instruments like pianos and guitars to play.

Investment Strategy Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Investment Strategy Business - Research Paper Example Graham’s investment strategy, as established in his now seminal text the ‘Intelligent Investor’, encourages a steady and conservative approach referred to as ‘defensive investing’. This strategy is contrasted with ‘speculative investing,’ an approach more closely linked to gambling. Graham’s strategy has lasted the test of time and drawn positive attention from billionaire investor Warren Buffet who claims it is the best investing text ever written. This essay examines Graham’s strategy in this text through an analysis of investment objectives, asset allocation, security selection process, and whether I would implement this strategy. Objectives The strategies articulated in the ‘Intelligent Investor’ are such that any sort of investor including an individual, hedge fund, or pension plan can adopt them. This is due to Graham’s deep understanding of market vicissitudes that make this strategy not simply a s trategic angle on the market, but virtually the only safe approach to investment. In these regards, the only investors that this approach is not targeted for are what Graham terms ‘speculative investors’. Graham states, â€Å"every nonprofessional who operates on margin should recognize ipso facto that he is speculating†¦everyone who buys a so-called â€Å"hot† common-stock issue†¦is either speculating or gambling† (Graham, pg. 21). ... Instead Graham’s encourages a steady and conservative approach, the returns of which will be determined by the specific market conditions of the era. Graham indicates that strategic approaches that guarantee a specific return may be successful for a period, but in the long run have consistently proved ineffective. In terms of risk, Graham indicates that risk should be determined by the investor’s specific goals. For Graham risk is largely measured in the allocation of common stocks vs. bonds. Rather than implementing a time limit, Graham instead considers that risk and return are most concentrated in common stocks and as such they necessitate longer time horizons. One such example Graham gives is that a couple that are saving to buy a home would be better served consolidating their portfolio in bonds as this are safe and easily accessible; conversely, an individual with a longer time horizon should have a higher percentage of common stock. Asset Allocation Grahamâ€℠¢s strategy as articulated in the ‘Intelligent Investor’ functions as a comprehensive approach to portfolio management. Indeed, intrinsic to Graham’s strategy is the mitigation of risk through the successful allocation of bonds and common stocks. There are a number of considerations within this mode of understanding. In regards to precious metals, Graham recommends a relatively small allocation of such securities, indicating 2-3% of a portfolio should be dedicated to them. In terms of determining the percentage of bonds vs. stocks in the portfolio Graham provides a variety of options. Graham begins in considering a base percentage differential of 50% bonds and 50% stocks.

Kinds of research data Essay Example for Free

Kinds of research data Essay The basic classification of research data is in terms of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative research entails examination of numerical data by using mathematical models and statistical procedures. (Morgan, 2000). Qualitative research involves use of analysis and opinions to explain interviews and documents and understanding the phenomenon. The study requires a qualitative and some quantitative approach rather than a purely numerical one. Data Collection Approaches Data collection approaches can be primary and secondary. Both primary and secondary approaches will be utilized Extensive research will be carried out in the Library as well as on the World Wide Web. Qualitative Research Methodologies Qualitative methodology focuses on quality† a term referring to the essence or ambience of something. Qualitative methods are used to understand complex social phenomena. In the present situation, literature survey along with interviews and questionnaires will be the key techniques used for data collection, collation and analysis. Case-Study Research Methodology. Case study in the primary research methodology employed in this study. A case study is an enquiry which uses multiple sources of evidence. It evaluates a contemporary phenomenon in real life context within the boundaries of the phenomenon and when the context is not clearly evident. Potter, (1996) has defined case study as a â€Å"realistic† methodology, which deals with solid and specific questions. Case study translates research objectives into more researchable problems, and provides rich examples, which are easy to comprehend. The significance of case studies is its revealing the meaning of a phenomenon. A peer group case study approach is considered best suited than other techniques to implement this research, as it will concentrate on an empirical, contemporary problem. It will also enable answering the questions as, â€Å"why† and, â€Å"how† to understand the underlying motivations. It will generate empirical data and interesting information specific to the phenomenon under study. Research cases offer a unique tool to testing theory by examining phenomena which are beyond the traditional statistical approaches. (Potter, 1996). Case study research is useful to the aims because the degree to which a case study produces valid and credible information is generally higher than qualitative research in a more general survey. An analysis of the Chinese and UK banking systems is proposed to be carried out with reference to the case study of Bank of China and HSBC, London. Limitations of Case Study One of the limits of case studies is the difficulty of generalizing their findings. If the case design is sound and if the researcher is careful to be explicit about the phenomenon and the context of the study, then results can be generalized.(Potter, 1996). Another limit of case studies is that they generate a lot of information that needs to be logically handled to strengthen the argument presented in order to develop credible conclusion. Research Instruments Primary data is collected for the research study to answer a specific question. Ways of collecting this kind of information includes surveys, observation or controlled experiments. Surveys are one of the most common ways to collect data, where the subject can be contacted through mail, telephone or directly in personal interviews. (Veal, 2000). It entails sending questionnaires, interviews and non-formal enquiries made to people. By carrying out interviews of a significant number of individuals a broad perspective can be provided. This research will collect data by essentially the method of interviews and questionnaires. Data Collection Method Questionnaire Survey Surveys are frequently used to obtain information about social issues. Jones (1997) has described that survey needs planned strategy to gather data. Surveys can be conducted in many ways, over the telephone, by mail or in person. Questionnaire surveys are ideal for providing complex information. Questionnaire involves a sample of the population which can range from few hundreds to few thousands depending on the research study (Veal, 2000). Questionnaire technique has been used in the study. Limitation of the questionnaires On an average the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, but a key drawback is low response rate. This will result in low level of confidence and distort the analogy of statistical information. Another weakness of questionnaire is the fact that it is a structured format and allows little room for flexibility with respect to reply by the respondents. Interview Interviews will form an interactive part of this study and will be carried out after the secondary research is done in combination with the questionnaire. When doing these interviews it will be important to keep a neutral view of the research topic, where the actual behavior instead of an intended behavior needs to be identified. Veal (2000) has described interview as a strategy to find out from people about the things, which cannot be observed directly.